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Giải pháp tiết kiệm năng lượng: Thu hồi nước ngưng
1 Nước ngưng là gì?
Nước ngưng là chất lỏng được hình thành khi hơi nước chuyển từ trạng thái hơi sang trạng thái lỏng.
Trong quá trình gia nhiệt, nước ngưng tụ là kết quả của việc hơi nước truyền một phần năng lượng nhiệt của nó. Đây được gọi là nhiệt ẩn, sang sản phẩm, dây chuyền hoặc thiết bị được gia nhiệt.
2 Thu hồi nước ngưng là gì?
Nếu 1 t/h hơi nước được cung cấp cho thiết bị cho quá trình gia nhiệt, thì cần phải xả cùng một lượng nước ngưng (1 t/h) ra khỏi thiết bị. Thu hồi nước ngưng là quá trình tái sử dụng nước và nhiệt hợp lý có trong nước ngưng được thải ra. Thu hồi nước ngưng thay vì bỏ đi có thể giúp tiết kiệm đáng kể năng lượng, xử lý hóa chất và nước bổ sung.
Nước ngưng có thể được tái sử dụng theo nhiều cách khác nhau. Ví dụ:
- Là nước cấp được làm nóng, bằng cách gửi nước ngưng tụ nóng trở lại bộ khử khí của nồi hơi
- Như làm nóng sơ bộ, cho bất kỳ hệ thống sưởi ấm hiện hành nào
- Là hơi nước, bằng cách tái sử dụng hơi flash
- Là nước nóng, để làm sạch thiết bị hoặc các ứng dụng làm sạch khác
Tìm hiểu thêm khóa học online Chuyên đề Hệ thống thu hồi nước ngưng và thu hồi hơi Flash
3 Lợi ích của việc thu hồi nước ngưng
Một trong những giải pháp tiết kiệm năng lượng quan trọng trong sản xuất là thu hồi nước ngưng. Vì nó sẽ giúp giảm lượng nước cấp cho lò hơi, tiết kiệm nhiên liệu, hóa chất tiêu thụ, giảm nước thải ra hệ thống thoát nước.
- Giảm chi phí nhiên liệu
Nước ngưng chứa một lượng nhiệt đáng kể có thể chiếm khoảng 10% đến 30% năng lượng nhiệt ban đầu có trong hơi nước.
Cung cấp nước ngưng ở nhiệt độ cao cho lò hơi có thể tối đa hóa sản lượng của lò hơi vì cần ít năng lượng nhiệt hơn để biến nước thành hơi. Khi được thu hồi và tái sử dụng một cách hiệu quả, thậm chí có thể giảm nhu cầu nhiên liệu lò hơi lên tới 10 đến 20%.
- Giảm chi phí nước
Nước ngưng tụ không được trả lại và không được tái sử dụng phải được thay thế bằng nước từ đường ống chính. Việc này sẽ dẫn đến chi phí nước bổ sung. Nếu có hệ thống thu hồi nước ngưng, lợi ích sẽ làm giảm đáng kể chi phí nước
- Giảm chi phí xử lý hóa chất
Tái sử dụng càng nhiều nước ngưng càng tốt, giảm nhu cầu thêm hóa chất xử lý nước đắt tiền.
- Chất lượng nước cấp lò hơi
Nước ngưng là nước cất, hầu như không chứa tổng chất rắn hòa tan (TDS). Lò hơi cần được xả đáy để giảm nồng độ chất rắn hòa tan trong nước lò hơi. Đưa thêm nước ngưng vào thùng cấp liệu giúp giảm nhu cầu xả đáy và do đó giảm năng lượng thất thoát từ lò hơi.
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Tác động tích cực đến an toàn và môi trường
Giảm nhu cầu nhiên liệu lò hơi thông qua hệ thống thu hồi nước ngưng dẫn đến ít ô nhiễm không khí hơn bằng cách giảm lượng khí thải CO2 , NOx và SOx .
Ngoài ra, các dây chuyền thu hồi nước ngưng cũng có thể hạn chế các chùm hơi nước. Giúp giảm tiếng ồn phát sinh từ việc xả nước ngưng trong khí quyển và giúp ngăn nước tích tụ trên mặt đất, cải thiện đáng kể môi trường làm việc của nhà máy.
4 Làm thế nào để thu hồi nước ngưng?
- Bẫy hơi giữ lại hơi nước trong quy trình để lấy nhiệt, đồng thời giải phóng khí ngưng tụ và khí không thể ngưng tụ khi cần thiết.
- Lý tưởng nhất là nước ngưng thoát ra khỏi bẫy hơi bằng trọng lực. Nhưng thường nó cần được bơm bằng máy bơm ngưng tụ điện hoặc cơ.
- Bẫy bơm tự động hoạt động như bẫy hơi thông thường, nhưng khi áp suất ngược tăng lên, bẫy bơm tự động chuyển sang chế độ bơm để loại bỏ nước ngưng.
- Đầu bộ khử khí rất quan trọng để trộn nước ngưng tụ quay trở lại. Hơi nước bốc lên và nước bổ sung lạnh khi chúng được đưa vào bể chứa nước cấp.
- Hơi flash được giải phóng khỏi nước ngưng nóng khi áp suất của nó giảm xuống. Sử dụng và không nên lãng phí nó. Thu lại trong bình nhanh và sử dụng để sưởi ấm, thu hồi bất kỳ phần ngưng tụ nào có liên quan.
- Thu hồi hơi flash có điều áp, vòng kín cho phép hầu như tất cả năng lượng từ cả phần ngưng tụ và hơi flash được sử dụng, giảm chi phí tăng hơi và tăng hiệu suất lò hơi.
- Sử dụng nước ngưng tụ và hơi flash từ lò hơi xả đáy để làm nóng thùng cấp liệu của lò hơi.
Bạn đã chưa hiểu rõ các quy trình về hệ thống thu hồi nước ngưng và thu hồi hơi flash? Bạn cần thiết kế và lựa chọn đường ống hay thiết kế hệ thống thu hồi nước ngưng phù hợp? Bạn cần tính toán lượng thu hồi hơi flash tại nhà máy? Liên hệ với chúng tôi ngay!
Thông tin chi tiết liên hệ
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